Oil heating-furnace.



No. 773,458. PATENTED 0011.25, 1904.

' J. BEATTIE. V I

OIL HEATING FURNACE.

, APPLICATION FILED APR. 25. 1904.

N0 MODEL.

- FIG. 1. u I i4 E WWW w 2 INVENTOB. @QWfie UNITED STATES PatentedOctober 25, 1904.

JAMES BEATTIE, OF SHREVEPORT, LOUISIANA.

OIL HEATING-FURNACE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 773,458, dated October25, 1904.

I Application filed April 25, 1904. Serial No. 204,890. No model.)

To all whom it natty-concern Be it known that I, JAMES BEATTIE, acitizen of the United States, and a resident of Shreveport, Caddoparish, Louisiana, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inOil Heating-Furnaces, of which the following is a specificationContaining a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had tothe accompanying drawings, forming a part hereof.

My invention relates to oil heating-furnaces; and it consists ofthenovel features herein shown, described, and claimed.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a View showing the furnace in elevation andshowing the blower and the source of oil-supply, the view being in thenature of a diagram. Fig. 2 is a vertical central section, upon anenlarged scale, on the line 2 2 of Fig. 3. Fig. 3 is a cross-section onthe line 3 3 of Fig. 2 and looking in the direction indicated by thearrow. Fig. 4 is an enlarged sectional detail of the oil-nozzle.

Referring to the drawings in detail, my improved oil heating-furnace isbuilt principally of fire-brick and has the usual heatingchamber 5, saidchamber being accessible for the insertion and the removal of the metalthrough the door-openings 6. The heatingchamber is provided with a floor7 composed of a thick layer of ordinary sand or silica, said sand beingembedded in the masonry, so that it will not run away when melted. Theheating-chamber 5 discharges into the flue or smoke-stack 8, the bottomof the flue being slightly lower than the floor of the heatingchamber,and a drain-pipe 9 is provided to carry off the slag which results fromthe heating of the metal. An overhanging bridgewall 10 is insertedbetween theheating-chamber and the flue to retard the passage of heatout of the chamber. The ignition-chamber 11 is located immediately belowthe bridgewall 12, and the combustion-chamber 13 connects theignition-chamber with the heatingchamber, said combustion-chamber beingin the form of a returned bend extending around the bridge-wall 12. Theair-pipes 1 lead from the blower 15 through the wall of the furnace, sothat the air discharged through the pipes from the blower passes throughthe upper part of the combustion-chamber 13 and strikes the sand floor 7at an acute angle.

The opening 16 in the front wall provides access to the ignition-chamber11. The openings 6 and 16 may be covered with doors or not, as desired.

The wall 17, forming the front of the ignition-chamber, is locatedtransversely of the furnace and directly below the right-hand end of thesand floor, there being an opening 18 in the masonry to provide accessto this wall, and an air-inlet flue 19 is embedded in the masonry andleads from the opening 18 to the chamber 11. The nozzle 20 is located inthe flue 19 in position to discharge through the flue into the chamber11, and an air-pipe 21 connects the nozzle 20 to the air-pipe 14: or tothe blower 15 and an oil-pipe 22 connects the nozzle to the elevatedoil-tank 23, the passage through the oil-pipe being controlled by the.cut-off valve 2 1. The nozzle 20 is constructed as shown in detail inFig. L and comprises a T 25; the plug or reducer 26 in the outer end ofthe T; the elbow 27- in this reducer; the air-pipe 21, connected to thecentral member of the T; the discharge-pipe 28, mounted in the T inalinement with the elbow 27; the rod 29, mounted in the elbow throughthe discharge-pipe; and the baflie-plate 30, mounted upon the end of therod 29 adjacent to the dis charge end of the pipe 28.

The oil is forced through the pipe 22 by gravity, and a strong blast ofair is forced through the pipe 21 by the fan or blower. The volume ofair being much larger than the volume of oil and having greater forcewill force the oil through the discharge-pipe 28 against thebaflle-plate 30, and a mixture of oil and air will form a spray,discharging through the inlet-flue 19 and into the ignitionchamber.

When it is desired to start the furnace, a quantity of waste may beplaced in the ignition-chamber and ignited and the oil turned on slowly,and as the waste and oil burns a. red fire and black smoke will beproduced, which will pass upwardly around the bridgewall 12 and throughthe combustion-chamber, and as the blast coming through the pipe 1emixes with this smoke and fire a blue flame will be established in theupper part of the combustion-chamber, and the heat from this flame willpass over the sand floor through the heating-chamber. As soon as theignition-chamber becomes Well heated vaporizing is improved, more oilcan be turned on, and a very hot fire will result suflicient to [ill theupper part of the combustion-chamber and the heating-chamber to thedesired extent. When the furnace has been in operation a short time, theupper surface of the sand floor 7 will melt, and this melted silicaforms a firstclass flux to prevent sticking of the slag and iron to thefloor of the furnace and to clean the iron. If some of the silica passesoff with the sand, the supply of sand may be replenished from time totime.

I desire to call especial attention to the fact that the oil isvaporized and ignited in a chamber far removed from the heating-chamber,so that none of the liquid oil or the impurities of the oil will come incontact with the metal during the process of heating. It has been foundheretofore that a chemical action takes place where metal, either ironor steel, is heated by a smoky oil fire, but in a furnace in which theunconsumed vapor of the oil comes in contact with the metal, and thatthis chemical reaction is injurious to the metal. In my furnace completecombustion takes place before the heating-chamber is reached, andnothing but the blue flame and the heat resulting therefrom will come incontact with the metal. I wish to call attention also to the point atwhich the air-blast pipes 1 L enter the furnace. This air-blast isdirected through the upper part of the combustion chamber onto the sandfloor in such a Way that it will hug the sand floor, as required, tostrike directly against any billets of metal resting upon the floor.This produces an entirely different result from what would be producedif the air-blast entered the furnace in a difi erent direction or at adifferent part of the masonry. For instance, if the air-blast wasdirected through the flue 19 the intensest heat would be produced in thelower part of the combustion-chamber at a point directly opposite thisflue, and a large part of the heat would be wasted by radiation beforereaching the heating-chamber. I have found from actual practice that theoil may be partially vaporized and partially burned, so as to produce ared fire and black smoke,

as in my ignition-chamber, and then the prodnets of this imperfectcombustion may be subjected to an air-blast producing a blue flame andperfect combustion and producing a great deal better result than wherethe air-blast is directed into the ignition-chamber in the firstinstance.

In an oil heating-furnace: the heating-chamber 5; the flue 8 leadingfrom the heatingchamber; the bottom of theflue being lower than theheating-chamber; a drain-pipe leading from the bottom of the flue; anoverhanging bridge-wall 10 between the heating-chamber and the flue; thebridge-wall 12 at the opposite end of the heatingchamber from the flue;the ignition-chamber 11 below the bridge- Wall 12; thecombustion-chamber 13 connecting the heating-chamber with theignitionchamber; means of discharging oil and air into theignition-chamber; and means of discharging an air-blast into theheating-chamber directed toward the flue; substantially as specilied.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification inpresence of two subscribing witnesses.

JAMES BEA TIE.

I/Vitnesses:

(3i. 1. FOSTER, W. I. SUMMERLIN.

